Hullo there! Little Tommy Atkins

AKATommy Atkins
First Published1913

Writer/composerLester Barrett and Herman Darewski RoudRN

Music Hall PerformersHarry Cove
Folk performancesCollected from the singing of:
Wheat, Maurice; England, Derbyshire; 1970
Transcribed from Jack Charman recording on YouTube

There's a chap named Tommy Atkins, and his praises we will sing 
Tommy! Our pride and our joy!
We have always found him loyal to his country and his king. 
Tommy! Our brave soldier boy!
When home from war returning, for wives and sweethearts yearning
In hearty welcome lusty voices ring, hear how they sing!

Hullo there, little Tommy Atkins! Hullo there, little soldier man
Always cool and steady, always brave and ready
Hullo there, little Tommy Atkins, defeat you, no one can
Mid the rattle of the battle or at home sweet home, 
You are a soldier and a man!

There's a chap named Tommy Atkins, and he loves the ladies fair
Tommy! Makes love to the lot!
With his captivating manner and his fascinating air
Tommy! Is awfully hot!
Just see him out parading, the ladies' hearts invading
The girls all say, while marching with the band "Don't they look grand!"

There's a chap named Tommy Atkins, he's a terror to the world
Tommy! All Britons adore!
For the foe he's always ready and with Union Jack unfurled
Tommy! Can fight as of yore! 
He's proud of what he fought for, a fight he never sought for,
And that's why British subjects all proclaim our hero's fame

One of a number of Music Hall songs about Tommy Atkins, this one from the beginning of World War I, a period when the halls played a huge role in promoting enlistment, arguably encouraging young men to sign up to be slaughtered. This was the period of “war fever” when the vast majority of political leaders, trades unions, intellectuals and Music Hall stars enthusiastically backed the war. It didn’t last long – by 1915 focus of Music Hall songs shifted as the confidence that the war would be “over by Christmas” faded. If you want to find out more about popular song in this period check out The show must go on! by John Mullin.

Other songs featuring Tommy Atkins are discussed discussed here

The song was remembered in 1970 when Maurice Wheat sang it to collector Ruairidh Greig, who has very kindly provided this copy of the recording:

Maurice Wheat sings Hullo there! Little Tommy Atkins in Holmesfield, Derbyshire, 11 Nov 1970

A contemporary recording by Jack Charman:

Sources:

  • Entries in the Roud Indexes at the Vaughn Williams Memorial Library: https://archives.vwml.org/search/all:single[folksong-broadside-books]/0_50/all/score_desc/extended-roudNo_tr%3A
  • Kilgarrif Sing Us
  • Lyrics: Transcribed from Edison Blue recording on YouTube
  • The show must go on! by John Mullin. (2015)

Private Tommy Atkins

AKATommy Atkins
We take him from the city or the plough
First Published1893

Writer/composerHamilton / PotterRoudRN13695

Music Hall PerformersCharles Arnold, Hayden Coffin
Folk performancesCollected from the singing of:
Essex, Mary; England, Berkshire; 1991

PRIVATE TOMMY ATKINS. 
Words by Henry Hamilton.   Music by S. Potter.       
  
Oh, we take him from the city or the plough, 
And we drill him and we dress him up so neat; 
We teach him to uphold his manly brow.   
And how to walk, and where to put his feet, 
It doesn't matter who he was before, 
Or what his parents fancied for his name; 
Once he's pocketed the shilling, and a uniform he's filling, 
We call him Tommy Atkins all the same.   Oh!-      

Tommy, Tommy Atkins, you're a "good un," heart and hand; 
You're a credit to your calling, and to all your native land; 
May your luck be never failing. May your love be ever true!
God bless you, Tommy Atkins, here's your country's love to you! Oh you!
       
In time of peace he hears the bugle call, 
In   barracks, from "Re-val-ly" to "Lights out," 
And if Sentry-go" and "Pipe-clay" ever pall, 
There's always plenty more of work about, 
On leave, o'nights, you meet him in the street, 
As happy as a schoolboy, and as gay; 
Then back he goes to duty, all for England, home and beauty, 
And the noble sum of thirteen pence a day.
      
In war-time then its "Tommy to the front," 
And we ship him off in "troopers" to the scene;
We sit at home while Tommy bears the brunt, 
A-fighting for his country and his Queen. 
And whether he's on India's coral strand 
Or pouring out his blood in the Soudan, 
To keep our flag a-flying, he's a-going and a-dying, 
Every inch of him a soldier and a man.

So, Tommy dear, we'll back you 'gainst the world 
For fighting or for funning or for work, 
Wherever Britain's banner is unfurled 
To do your best and never, never shirk. 
We keep the warmest corner in our hearts 
For you, my lad, wherever you may be. 
By the Union Jack above you, 
But we're proud of you and love you - 
God keep you, Tommy, still, by land and sea!

The name Tommy Atkins has been used as to denote a British soldier since the 18th century . In 1890 Kipling wrote his classic poem “Tommy” a bitter condemnation of the tendency to treat soldiers as either heroes when fighting far away or blackguards when at home. This seemed to spark a series of similar songs and poems .

Private Tommy Atkins was perhaps the most successful popular song of these – though sadly it has nothing of the subtlety of Kipling’s poem. According to Kilgarriff it was originally sung by Charles Arnold as part of a military sketch and was then rewritten to be sung by Hayden Coffin in the 1893 musical comedy A Gaiety Girl at the Prince of Wales Theatre (London). The song very quickly took on a life of its own.

As Charles Arnold was an actor who built a career in “legitimate theatre” rather than the halls and the song was at least partially rewritten for a musical comedy, arguably this is not a song written for the Music Hall, though doubtless given its popularity it was sung in the Halls.

A fragment of Private Tommy Atkins was recited by Mary Essex to folksong collectors Nick and Mally Dow in 1991, and can be heard in the British Library Sound Archive

Its one of a number of songs about Tommy Atkins from the 1890s and 1900s, including these (there are others):

  • Here’s to Private Tommy Atkins “a parody” written and performed by FV St Clair (undated but prob 1890s, First Line: You can fetch him from the Grapes or Barley Mow)
  • Tommy Atkins written and performed by Brandon Thomas (c1900, FL: unknown)
  • Goodbye Tommy Atkins by Fred Murray, George Everard and Charles Hilbury, sung by Lottie Lennox (1905, FL: Millie was a servant in the West End)
  • When Tommy Atkins marries Dolly Gray by WD Cobb and Gus Edwards, sung by Blanche Ring (1906, FL: There’s a song I would be singing to the tune of bells a-ringing wedding bells)
  • Hullo there! Little Tommy Atkins. by Lester Barrett and Herman Darewski (1913, FL: There’s a chap named Tommy Atkins and his praises we will sing)
  • Tom! Tom! Tom! Mr Tommy Atkins by Joseph Tabrar, sung by Mark Sheridan (1914, FL What will be, boys, by and by)
  • Sister Susie’s marrying Tommy Atkins today by RP Weston and Herman Darewski (1915, FL unknown)

An early recording by Robert Howe:

Sources:

Delaney’s Chicken

AKACockey Doodle Doo
First Published1896

Writer/composerSweeney/BarrettRoudRN24602

Music Hall PerformersLester Barrett
Folk performancesCollected from the singing of:
Tully, Annie E.; Ireland : Co. Mayo : c1937
Murphy, Patrick; Ireland : Co. Waterford c1937
Heekin, Patrick; Ireland : Co. Donegal; 1968
Kelleher, Mikey; Ireland / England : London 1977
Bate, Charlie; England : Cornwall 1950s/60s
Delaney from the market bought a fowl a month ago
If he meets the man who sold it he will kill him with a blow
He said it was a chicken of a plump and tender breed
But of a more deceitful bird you'll never hear or read.
When they settled down to pluck it all their efforts were in vain
But hands were torn and blistered and their muscles had a strain
So dressed in all its feathers then they put it in the stew
If you want to make Delaney wild, shout "Cock-a-doodle-do.

That bird must have crowed when they built the tower of Babel
Was fed by Cain and Abel, and lived in Noah's stable
All the shots that were fired, on the field of Waterloo
Couldn't penetrate, or dislocate, that elongated, armour-plated,
Double-breasted, iron chested, Cock-a-doodle-do.

Delaney bought that chicken just to give us all a spread
On Sunday, when the guests arrived, he went clean off his head
In the yard were picks and shovels that were twisted up like tin
That he tried to carve the chicken with, but couldn't break the skin
We borrowed Daly's rammer, with which he rams the stones
And thought one gentle blow would break the tender chicken's bones
At the first blow it rebounded like an India-rubber ball
And knocked ten yards of coping off Mulhanny's garden wall.

Mick Dunn, the ex-dragoon, then tried to excavate the thing
But the sword he carved the Russians with bent like a yard of string
Tim Burke, the navvy miner, through the young bird showed daylight
By blowing up himself and it with a pound of dynamite
To scrape the walls of chicken wasn't very easy work
It puzzled us to find out which was chicken, which was Burke
I found a leg of bird, and with a friendly blacksmith's aid
A pair of everlasting heels upon my boots I've made.

A song from the late 1890s, which has passed into Irish traditional music and is still widely sung today.

It was sung in the halls by Lester Barrett and written by Barrett and P Sweeney. It was first published in 1896, with a first recorded performance in the same year at a summer concert at The Palace, Douglas, Isle of Man:

Aug. 29, 1896;  The Era 

Contemporary reports suggested very quickly became extremely popular song and quickly entered the repertoire of amateur singers – there are many reports of it being sung by amateur’s in the late 1890s, though this may also be a result of it appearing in a popular annual collection of songs: Francis and Day’s 18th Comic Annual (1898)

Lester Barrett (1855-1924) was a successful Music Hall performer, often described as a Lancashire comedian, who sang a number of songs which mocked the Irish, though his performances don’t seem to have been limited to these songs . His mother and father were emigrants from Ireland and he was born in the Lancashire coastal town of Southport. In the 1880s and 1890s he was a star performer in Music Hall summer shows on the Isle of Man, a popular holiday destination. He was the brother of Leslie Stuart, a composer who also specialised in comic songs. According to Michael Kilgariff he joined the staff of the sheet music publishers Francis and Day in 1899.

Kathryn Nea sings it – for more by Kathyrn check out her SoundCloud page:

Sources:

Saving them all for Mary

First Published1881

Writer/composerFred GilbertRoudRN15130

Music Hall PerformersJames Fawn
Folk performancesCollected from the singing of:
Pardon, Walter; England, Norfolk; 1978
A public house, the Rose and Crown,
Holds one that I well know;
An active little barmaid,
Without pride or fal-de-ral.
We're shortly to be married,
And when a fellow's thus inclined;
It's best to save the half-pence,
So I'm taking care of mine.

I'm saving them all for Mary,
She shall have every one;
I'm saving them all for mary,
She shall have lots of fun.
They know me well at the country bank,
Cash is better than fame or rank;
Heigh-ho lucky, I'll wed my ducky,
The belle of the Rose and Crown.

Of course, I do no flirting now,
For Mary 'twould disgust;
To marry one whom out of sight,
She couldn't safely trust.
I often meet old friends of mine,
But simply pass them by;
In fact I'm strictly honest,
And I've never told a lie.

I quite deserve a medal,
I'm so very good and true;
I frown on my companions,
When the slightest wrong they do.
The photographs of ladies,
In an album I don't nurse;
I never stay out late at night,
You never hear me curse.

I never drink champagne unless,
By someone else it's bought;
I've never seen the famed Argyle,
Or Hampton's mazy court.
At ten 'o clock each night I sleep,
A bachelor's repose;
I never fight or quarrel,
And I've never punched a nose.

A song written by Fred Gilbert and sung in the halls by James Fawn – the earliest record I can find of anyone singing the song is this review from late 1881:

 Nov. 5, 1881; The Era 

The song was sung as part of a series of fragments by Walter Pardon alongside Wake Up Johnny ,  When the cock begins to crow, and Down by the old abbey ruins. You can here them at the Vaughn Williams Memorial Library

Sources:

Down by the old abbey ruins

AKANo eye could see
First Published1880

Writer/composerSweeney/RowleyRoudRN13629

Music Hall PerformersJW Rowley
Folk performancesCollected from the singing of:
Pardon, Walter; England, Norfolk; 1978
unknown singer collected by Alfred Williams, c1915
From a broadside held in the Bodlleian library

One day as I strayed 'neath the beautiful glade, 
Enjoying the sweet summer breeze, 
I chanced to behold the remains of an old
Ruined abbey all sheltered with trees; 
The picture to crown, as I chanced to look down,
Was a picture by form I did see, 
Of a lovely young maid, who reclined 'neath the shade 
Of a wide spreading horse-chestnut tree. 

There were no eyes to see, no tongue to tell, 
Only the birds saw our doings
As i fondly embraced her dear little waist
Down by the old abbey ruins. 

As closer I crept I found that she slept;
Then boldly I crept closer still:
And gazed with great zest on the charms she possess'd
Till my heart with love quickly filled.
It seemed like a dream, till she awoke with a scream, 
And jumped to her feet in dismay;
But I took off my hat, said beg pardon, dear pet, 
For disturbing you in such a way.

I told her my name so friends we became, 
Her shyness I cannot compare; 
She fondled And fussed, looked pale and then blushed, 
When I told her how long I'd been there 
By the old abbey wall, I told her that all 
I had in this world she should share; 
And none but the birds heard our fond loving words, 
Or what we were saying down there

A song from the Halls of the 1880s, most often associated with the performer  JW “Over” Rowley.. The earliest record of a performance of the song is from 1879 at Gatti’s Hall in London:

Feb. 23, 1879; The Era 

In Scotland the song was also associated with Wilford Bowman, a “Scotch” comedian who organised weekly concerts at Trades Hall in Arbroath in the 1870s and later toured Scotland and the North of England.

The words were written by P Sweeney, the lyricist who also wrote Delaney’s Chicken. His songs often had music written by Lester Barrett, but in this case the music is credited to Rowley. Sheet music was later published in America, credited to WC Robey, whose name has been associated with other pirated editions of British Music Hall songs.

The song was sung as part of a series of fragments by Walter Pardon alongside Wake Up Johnny / When the cock begins to crow / and Saving Them All for Mary. You can here them at the Vaughn Williams Memorial Library

Sources:

Ask a P’liceman

AKAIf you want to know the time ask a policeman
First Published1889

Writer/composerEW Rogers/AE DurandeauRoudRNV1211

Music Hall PerformersJames Fawn
Folk performances??
The p'lice force is a noble band that safely guard our streets
Their valour is unquestioned and they're noted for their feats
If anything you wish to know they'll tell you with a grin
In fact each one of them is a complete Enquire Within.

If you want to know the time ask a p'liceman
The proper Greenwich time, ask a p'liceman
Ev'ry member of the force, has a watch and chain of course
If you want to know the time ask a p'liceman.

If you stay out late at night and pass through regions queer
Thanks to those noble guardians of foes you have no fear
If drink you want and 'pubs' are shut go to the man in blue
Say you're thirsty and good-natured, and he'll show you what to do.

If you want to get a drink, ask a p'liceman
He'll manage it I think, will a p'liceman
He'll produce the flowing pot, if the 'pubs' are shut or not
He could open all the lot, ask a p'liceman.

If your servant suddenly should leave her cosy place
Don't get out an advertisement her whereabouts to trace
You're told it was a soldier who removed her box of clothes
Don't take the information in, but ask the man who knows.

If you don't know where she is, ask a p'liceman
For he's 'in the know' he is, ask a p'liceman
Though they say with 'red ' she flew yet its ten to one on 'blue'
For he mashes just a few. Ask a p'liceman.

And if you're getting very stout your friends say in a trice
'Consult a good physician, and he'll give you this advice
Go in for running all you can no matter when or how
And if you'd had a trainer, watch a bobby in a row.

If you want to learn to run, ask a p'liceman
How to fly, though twenty 'stun', ask a p'liceman
Watch a bobby in a fight in a tick he's out of sight
For advice on rapid flight, ask a p'liceman.

Or if you're called away from home, and leave your wife behind
You say, 'Oh would that I had a friend to guard the house could find,
And keep my love in safety' but let you're troubles cease
You'll find the longed-for keeper in a member of the p'lice.

If your wife should want a friend, ask a p'liceman
Who a watchful eye will lend, ask a p'liceman
Truth and honour you can trace written on his manly face
When you're gone he'll mind your place, ask a p'liceman.
 

A song from the Halls which still seems to live on in our memories, even if it isn’t widely sung in its original form. I make no claims for this one having entered the “folk song canon”, it’s included here as an example of a “classic” music hall song.

Most famously sung by James Fawn, it’s one of a number of songs which reflected a distrust of the police amongst the working people that most often formed the audiences in the Halls. It’s also an example of one of the many songs that were caught up in the rather vague laws of copyright and performing rights in the late 19th-century. Fawn took the publishers Francis Bros. to court, asserting it was his right, not the theirs’, to determine who could sing it on the Music Hall stage . The publishers had bought the copyright of the song for £10 (around £1300 in todays money) giving them the right to print and sell the sheet music, but on the basis of a handwritten note on the receipt, Fawn won the case meaning it could not be legally be sung on stage without his permission (The Era Dec 7 1889)

James Fawn (1850-1923) was a highly successful comic actor who specialised in playing drunks. His debut at the Marylebone Theatre in 1866 seems to have involved him wandering on repeatedly and saying drunkenly “I’ve had two rum shrub“. On these slim beginnings he built a career performing in both “legitimate theatre” and the Halls. He formed a highly successful double acts, firstly with Arthur Roberts and later with Sam Wilkinson, but in later years performed by himself. Contemporary critics thought him a little crude early in his career, but he seemed to gain respectability later years. His repertoire included a long list of comic songs including Ju jah, Only One, The Sanitary Inspector, The Man on the Door and many others long forgotten, all perhaps accept this one…

Sources:

  • Entries in the Roud Indexes at the Vaughn Williams Memorial Library: https://archives.vwml.org/search/all:single[folksong-broadside-books]/0_50/all/score_desc/extended-roudNo_tr%3AV1211
  • Kilgarrif Sing Us
  • Lyrics and Sheet Music: monologues.co.uk
  • Image: wikipedia
  • MacQueen Pope: Melodies Linger

Maid and the magpie, The

AKA
First Published1879

Writer/composerWH PhillipsRoudRN1532

Music Hall PerformersGH MacDermott, Harry Yorke
Folk performancesCollected from the singing of:
Oliver, Alfred; England : Hampshire 1907
Hambridge, Charles; England : Berkshire; c1915
Ling, Alderman; England : Suffolk 1953
Poacher, Cyril England : Suffolk; c1964
Lee, Jack `Hoopiron’; Australia : New South Wales ; no date
Modern performances
Jim Eldon
Gemma Khawaja

From Broadside in Frank Kidson collection VWML

Now once there was a maid kept an old magpie,
And a parson who prayed lived very close by;
When this maid met the parson they both stopped to talk
And often on the quiet go for a cosy walk;
But her lover was a sailor, who sailed across the main,
And he promised she would be his wife when he returned again,
Still she let the parson see her home from church,
And kiss her never thinking of the magpie on the perch.

The maid and the magpie would talk all the day.
The maid would believe all the magpie would say,
She said I love the parson, but don't you tell the tar."
When the old magpie only said, "Quar, quar!"

Now while this sailor was away so the story goes,
This maid flirts with the parson but of course nobody knows,
Until she tells the magpie when talking one day,
She'd rather have the parson now the sailor is away,
But she said don't tell this secret or I'll give you the birch,
Every night at nine I meet the parson by the church,
The magpie only quar-quar'd as he had done before,
But he meant to tell a sailor boy when he returned on shore

While stationed at Gibraltar the sailor so it seems,
When sleeping in his cosy bunk he had some funny dreams;
He dreamt the girl he left behind on dear old England's shore,
Would whilst he was away flirt with half a dozen more
So he made his passage homeward, as quickly as could be,
Landed safely at her house but no maiden could he see;
He then talked to the magpie who was dancing on the perch,
And the magpie told him all about the parson at the church.

Now when the sailor met the maiden he passed her with disdain,
So she sued for breach of promise, tried five hundred to obtain;
But he brought the magpie into court, which told the truthful tale,
So to get what she required the maiden did fail.
She then went for the parson but in vain for him did search,
For he knew which way the wind blew so he hooked it from the church;
The lawyers couldn't find him, so the case went on the shelf,
And this tricky little maiden had to dwell by herself.

The maid and the magpie ne'er talk all this day,
For the jolly little sailor took the knowing bird away;
And now, with all his shipmates, this rare good-hearted tar,
While the magpie tells the truthful tale, he sings - "Quar! Quar!"
 

A song written for the Halls which seems to have passed into the oral tradition, collected from several traditional singers in southern England, and once collected in Australia.

The maid and the magpie was written by WH Phillips and was first sung by Harry Yorke in late 1878:

 Nov. 24, 1878;  The Era 

It became better known as part of GH MacDermott‘s repertoire, and was the subject of a dispute in the letters page of The Era – looking back it can feel like a bit of a storm in a teacup. But this was a time when ownership of a popular song could be very financially rewarding and disputes of this type were very common.

May 25, 1879;  The Era 
June 1, 1879;  The Era 

The publication of the song follows a fairly typical pattern for that period – printing sheet music was still relatively expensive and only tended to occur only when there was a serious prospect of it appealing to a wider market. If a song entered the repertoire of one of the major stars (like GH MacDermott) it was almost bound to get published – lesser-known writers and performers like Phillips and Yorke had to prove the value of their song…

Harry Yorke (1852-1923) was a popular comic who began performing in the mid-1870s in the Halls of North West England. He was described as “the coming Leybourne” (see George Leybourne) although according to the Oldham Express he “met with a warmer welcome and more enthusiastic applause than the great lion comique ever received in Oldham”. In his later career, between the late 1880s and 1910, he managed theatres in Blackburn and Preston.

WH Phillips (b/d unknown) seems to have been a writer and performer particularly active in the late 1870s and 1880s. He is credited with writing this song The cows won’t milk and the bulls won’t roar and around 10 others between 1879 and 1882.

Gemma Khawaja sings it:

Sources:

Bulls won’t bellow, The

AKAWhen my Jane comes back
The ferrets and weasels
Trouble at the farm
First Published1877

Writer/composerTom Hanley, WH PhillipsRoudRN3558

Music Hall PerformersGeorge Lewis, Sam Torr
Folk performancesCollected from the singing of:
Westaway, Bill; England : Devon 1950
Glew, Ernest; England : Sussex 1959
Robinson, E. England : Yorkshire 1960s/70s?
The cows won't milk and the bulls won't roar (Jolly Little Lewis version)
Written and composed by WH Phillips. Sung with immense success by Jolly Little Lewis, the Great Comedian and Clown
Frank Kidson Collection: Broadsheet at VWML

Once I was as happy as the birds upon the tree, 
And as lively as the tiny fish that swim beneath the sea; 
I could sing a jolly little song, and dance right merrily, 
Yes, and work like a Turk in the dairy! 
But now the time has gone and I am left forlorn,
For Father and Mother turn’d contrary; 
And they sent away the Girl, that they knew I loved so well
My dear rosy cheek'd little Mary. 

The Cows won't milk, and the Bulls won't roar; 
The Cocks won't crow, and the Pigs won't snore; 
The Ducks won't quack, and the Hens won't lay, 
And  I’ve gone crack'd since Mary went away

Now Mary you would like to know, work'd at our little farm,
And around me like an angel there, by gum, she placed a charm: 
We would  ramble down the country lanes while walking arm in arm, 
And she'd  trip by my side like a fairy 
Yes all the way along she'd twit a funny song
I often took her for our pet canary, 
And her voice would sound as strong, as a wheel without grease on
And the Cows they would chorus with Mary. 

Now since my Mary's gone away, I don't mind telling you 
I don't know what I talk a -bout, and don't know what I do: 
And the people say I'm off my chump, by gum I think it true 
For in my head I don't feel gradely; 
For of her I dream all night, and wake up in a fright, 
And commence to cry just like a little baby: 
The pillow then I squeeze, for it seems to give me ease, 
And I kiss it and fancy it’s Mary 

The bulls won't bellow (Sam Torr's version)
From reproduction of the Howard and Co (1880?) sheet music in Garratt 60 years, "Written and composed by T Hanley"
 
I used to be as happy as the little birds above
As lively as the little lambs at play
But now I'm broken hearted for I've lost the girl I love
With a swell from town she's lately gone away
We worked upon one farm, and my spirits she would charm
When she would chant a very pretty song
But ever since the day that my false love went away
The farm, and all upon it, has gone wrong.

The bulls won't bellow and the cows won't low
The hens won't cackle, and cocks won't crow
The turkeys won't gobble, and the ducks won't quack
And never, never will do till my Jane comes back.

There's something wrong with everything since Jane has gone away
And I'm doing nothing else but fret
The cat with her back to the fire sits on the hearth all day
And the poor old sheep-dog's nose is never wet
The pigs won't curl their tails; the ducks won't eat the snails
The gander now won't come home to be fed
And the poor old billy-goat has a big lump in his throat
And a hogshead full of tears the sow has shed.

The hens have got the whooping cough, and will not leave their coop
The canary is in the moult and will not eat
The donkey's got bronchitis, and the tomcat's got the croup
The geese have all got chilblains in their feet
The ferrets and the weasels are all down with the measles
And the wool is coming off the sheep
The bull has got the tic, and the cow her calf won't lick
And the horses have the nightmare when they sleep.

To see the weeping willows, they all seem full of grief
They seem to moan and shake their heads like me
There's a sympathising look on every cabbage leaf
And a nod of pity, too, from every tree
At night I dream of Jane, that she's come back again
And I'm whistling as I used to do
But when I awake, how I shiver and I shake
When I find my dreams of pleasure are not true.

Two very similar songs, both describing the deleterious effect of unhappy romance on farming livestock, were sung in the 1880s. (The words have parallels as you can see above, to me the music of the chorus at least seems very similar…)

George ‘Jolly Little’ Lewis (18??-93) was a Music Hall manager and comedian, active between the mid-1860s and his death in 1893 . He came from a Music Hall family – his brother performed under the name Little Levite, and his wife Julia Bullen was a serio-comic. He sang his version of the song with the title The cows won’t milk and the bulls won’t roar:

 Aug. 26, 1877; The Era 

As far as I can see, Lewis’s version of the song was always credited to WH Phillips, as in this notice in The Era:

Feb. 16, 1879; The Era 

Sam Torr sang his version under the title The bulls won’t bellow or When my Jane comes back. The sheet music and various other sources credit it as being written and composed by T Hanley:

Feb. 2, 1879; The Era

In 1877 T Hanley was also credited with writing Oh Jo “a new comic song” for Sam Torr ( The Era, Oct 28). Michael Kilgariff, the great archivist of the halls suggests this is Ted Hanley (1868-1927), a writer and comedian who according to Era reports first appeared on stage in 1895. I would suggest he was probably too young to have written the song in the late 1870s. Far more likely to be Tom Hanley, a writer/performer from Sheffield who later appeared at least once at the Leicester Music Hall managed by Sam Torr. Tom Hanley was sometimes billed as a ” Yorkshire dialect reciter”:

Sept. 12, 1880; The Era 

Its not clear how two performers, both of whom at various times threatened court action against anyone who would steal their songs, ended up singing such similar pieces. It’s likely that they did know of each other, as they were managed by the same theatrical agent HJ Didcot.

A song collected from several traditional singers in the second half of the 20th century…

You can hear a fragment of Bill Westaway singing it, as collected by Peter Kennedy, in the British library Sound archive at 7.08

Sources:

Putting on the Style

AKAPuttin’ on the style
Putting on the agony
First Published1867

Writer/composerHenry B FunkRoudRN3767

Music Hall PerformersElise Holt
Folk performancesCollected from the singing of:
Unknown singer; USA, West Virginia; 1917
Dalhart, Vernon; USA; 1927
Ford, Warde; USA : California 1938
Vinton, Mr. / Childers, Osborn; USA : Tennessee 1938
Devlin, Jennie; USA : Massachusetts 1936/38
Freeman, Roy (Blue Grass Roy); USA : Illinois; 1940
Hammontree, Doney; USA : Arkansas 1941
Wasson, Mrs. Laura; USA : Arkansas 1941
Hill, Miss Corrie; USA : Virginia 1941
Saeger, Ernie; USA : New York 1948
Hall, Miss Drucilla; USA : Alabama 1952
Hankins, Mrs. Ramie; USA : Alabama : Vernon 1952
Crowder, Mrs. Mary; USA : Alabama 1952
Rouse, Mrs. Mary; USA : Alabama : Titus 1953
High, Fred; USA : Arkansas; 1960
Modern performances
Lonnie Donegan
 Ballou's Monthly Magazine, March 1867, from Hathi Trust

 PUTTING ON THE STYLE.
 BY HENRY B. FUNK.

 Eighteen Sixty-Seven,
 January First;
 Thought I 'd write a poem,
 If I could, or durst
 Looking through the window,
 Something made me smile:
 I saw a fellow passing,
 "Putting on the style!"

 Putting on the agony,
 Putting on the style;
 'Tis what many people
 Are doing all the while.
 'When I look about me,
 I very often smile,
 To see so many people
 Putting on the style.

 Young man in a carriage,
 Going it "like mad;"
 Pair of spanking horses,
 Borrowed of his "dad;"
 Cracks his whip sublimely,
 Makes "my lady" smile;
 Gracious! how he flashes,
 Putting on the style!

 City ignoramus,
 Big in self-esteem,
 Thinks himself quite worthy
 To drink the "public cream;"
 Wants an office—people
 Tell him "wait awhile;"
 For they think he's only
 Putting on the style!

 Preacher in the pulpit,
 Shouts with all his might,
 "Glory, hallelujah!"
 People in a fright,
 Think the deuce is coming
 Up in double file,
 But the preacher's only
 Putting on the style!

 Young "blade" just from college,
 Makes a grand display,
 Using long "jawbreakers"
 In all he has to say.
 They can't be found in "Webster"
 No, not "by a mile;"
 Wonder if he's only
 Putting on the style?

 Young "swell" at tho grog-shop,
 Smoking dirty pipe;
 Looking like a pumpkin
 Only partly ripe!
 Drinks, swears and gambles,
 Thinking all the while
 That there is nothing equals
 Putting on the style!

 Country town coquette,—
 Impudence and paint,—
 Finger-rings and brooches
 Enough to "vex a saint!"
 Has for every fellow
 A soft and winning smile:
 Wonder if she isn't
 Putting on the style?

 Sweet sixteen at meeting—
 Goes to see the boys;
 Turns her head instanter
 At every little noise;
 Squinting first on this side,
 Then on that awhile:
 Boys, isn't she going it,
 Putting on the style?

 Young man most of age,—
 Eighteen year old sprout,—
 (Wonder if his ma
 "Knows the boy is out?")
 Ring upon his finger,
 Hair besmeared with "ile,"
 (Brass and lard are "heavy,"
 For putting on the style!)

 Country youth and maiden
 Going to see the scenes,
 Looking most as fresh
 As a bunch of garden-greens!
 Gingerbread and candy
 Eating all the while;
 "Going to see the show,"
 And putting on the style!

 Putting on the agony,
 Putting on the style;
 That's what stylish folks
 Are doing all the while.
 And if you think my poem
 Has not been true the while,
 Why—you may say that I've been
 Putting on the style! 

At the moment these are my provisional notes – an attempt to summarise what we know and don’t know about this song. Put very briefly: its possible that this was a song written for the Halls, but we can’t be sure…. It’s likely to have been written in the 1860s by either Harry Wall, Henry B Funk or George Wright, but we cannot be sure.

In the UK many folks will know Putting on The Style as a Lonnie Donegan song, a big hit during the skiffle craze of the late 1950s. Its likely that Donegan picked it up from a recording made by Vernon Dalhart in 1925, as did the traditional American singers listed, taken from the Roud Index in the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. It seems to have been a particularly popular song amongst traditional singers in the southern states of America.

Gus Meade in his book of country music sources suggest this was written and composed by George P Wright in 1875, and then adapted in 1926 by Henry Dawes-Hughes. I have struggled to verify this with the sources I can access at the moment.

The earliest instance I have found is in the late 1860s, when it appeared in Ballou’s Monthly Magazine, a “general interest” publication printed in Boston (March 1867). The song was credited to Henry B Funk, a newspaper editor who also appears to have composed music and written songs.

I was interested in the song because some of its language is reminiscent of songs from the Halls: the talk of “swells” and “The Style” is reminiscent of songs of Alfred ‘The Great’ Vance, who sang The Style, By Jove! and Thats The Style for me. I thought it might be worth investigating whether Putting on the Style might also be one of Vance’s or an imitator’s. Initial searches were promising, as based on title alone, I found that a song called Putting on The Style featured in a show put together by Vance in 1873 – sung by the actress Elise Holt. Holt was a big name herself and she was appearing as part of an all-star cast in Vance’s Varieties. A review of the performance credited the song to Holt’s agent, Harry Wall:

May 11, 1873;  The Sunday Times 

Unfortunately, I can’t find any song-sheets or sheet music that unequivocally confirm the Holt/Wall’s Putting on The Style is the same song as the song from the Boston publication. It’s purely circumstantial, but it’s intriguing that both Harry Wall and Elise Holt performed regularly in Boston in the 1860s.

Harry Wall (1843-) was a comic and theatrical agent working regularly both in the UK and America – he managed Elise Holt and organised her first trip to the States in late 1868. They toured widely including a number of appearances in Boston in Jan 1869. There is evidence that Wall had previously appeared in American theatres as early as December 1865 (New York Herald Dec 27 1865)

From Ballou’s Monthly Magazine we can be certain that the song was known in the Boston area in the late 1860s. Perhaps Harry or Elise came across the song whilst they were in the Boston area, and given its focus on “The Style” later used it in Vance’s show. It is also possible that Harry Wall wrote the song, performed it on one of his earlier tours and that it was pirated by Henry Funk. There are many examples of songs written and published in the UK being republished in America , credited to a different author – reflecting the lack of consensus about copyright laws at the time.

It is perhaps ironic that Harry Wall was later prominently involved in a number of legal actions to establish copyright laws -forming an organisation called The Copyright and Performing Rights Protection Office. It has been suggested that the vigour with which he defended his client’s interests bordered on criminality – Richard Baker for example describes him as “extracting money from frightened proprietorssuggesting each proprietor subscribe 10 guineas a year to avoid being taken to court for breach of copyright“. He often represented himself in court, much to the disgust of the legal profession. In 1888 the Law Society successfully prosecuted him for impersonating a solicitor and he was sentenced to three months in prison.

Sources:

Take it Bob

AKASong of the Mill
First Published1873

Writer/composerArthur LloydRoudRN6041

Music Hall PerformersArthur Lloyd, Baron Courtney
Folk performancesCollected from the singing of:
Ironside, James; Scotland; 1908
Train, Bill; England ; Devon; 1976
From sheet music at Arthurlloyd.co.uk

I'm a jolly old miller, Bob Bell is my name,
And in my own village I'm well known to fame,
I've a wife and a daughter, a dear little lass,
I'm fond of them both and I'm fond of a glass,
Some say I'm too fond, well perhaps, that may be,
I try to be steady and am as you see;
But if I attempt to refuse drink a day,
I fancy the wheel of the mill seems to say,

Take it Bob, take it Bob, take it Bob, take it Bob,
That's what I fancy the mill says to me,
Take it Bob, take it Bob, take it Bob, take it Bob,
Take it Bob, take it, it's better than tea.

I've tried very oft' a teetot'ler to be,
But my mill is quite right, brandy's better than tea,
And altho', what I say, you may all think absurd;
I believe what the mill says, is right, 'pon my word.
I called on old Jones, 'bout some business you know,
And he said, Bob, a pipe and a glass, 'fore ye go;
Now, I didn't require it, believe what I say,
But although a mile off, I could hear the mill say,


Now I dreamt t'other night that Bob Bell was no more,
That he died at the age of p'rhaps forty or more;
And I heard people round me say, drinks done it's worst,
But altho' I was dead, I was dying of thirst.
A bottle of brandy close by I could see,
It was meant for the mourners, it wasn't for me;
But, as on my bed, still and silent I lay,
In the distance, distinctly, I heard the mill say,

I'm only up here for a bit of a spree, 
My wife thinks it's business between you and me; 
And you know the old saying, that never deceives, 
What the heart doesn't see, why the eye doesn't grieve. 
I must toddle at once, so goodbye to you all, 
Next season I hope I shall give ye call; 
Don't ask me to drink when I'm going away, 
Or I'm certain to fancy I hear the mill say...


Alternative last verse and chorus at monologues.co.uk

Then the jolly old wheel laughed, 'That's all in your eye,
If I said a word may the mill-stream go dry,
For the sake of your daughter, that dear little lass,
Go smash the green bottle and throw down the glass;
By water you live and by brandy you die,
So dust out the hopper and dash in the rye,
And while sacking the wheat and while taking the toll,
Sing clearly and loud like a jolly old soul.

Take it Bob, take it Bob, take it Bob, take it Bob,
That's what I fancy the mill says to me,
Take it Bob, take it Bob, take it Bob, take it Bob,
Take it Bob, take it, 'No never for me!'

Songs about Jolly Millers seem to feature regularly in both folk music and the halls. Drinking songs feature heavily in both genres too, so its a perhaps surprising this one hasn’t proved more popular in the folk world. It was collected once in Scotland by Gavin Greig, in 1908 from the singing of James Ironside; and once in England by Gwilym Davies from the singing of Bill Train.

The song was originally written and performed by Arthur Lloyd – first published in 1873, the earliest report of him singing it I can find is in early 1872 at The Forresters in East London:

Apr. 7, 1872, The Era 

Music Hall songs often came with alternative verses, and were often used as the basis for comic improvisation. It’s interesting that this one seems to have two different endings, one suitable for a polite audience that might appreciate implied future abstinence, the other not…

Take it Bob was also sung by an infamous, heavy-drinking Music Hall chairman known as Baron Courtney:

[Take it Bob] was a very quaint drunken ditty supposed to be sung by a very bibulous miller who fancies he hears his water-wheel, thus suggesting that he should absorb frequent liquid refreshment. It was, by the way, the singing of this Bacchanalian ballad that caused that long-locally celebrated South London Music Hall Chairman, known as ” Baron ” Courtney, to be addressed throughout the evening by the gallery boys as ” Bob Bob Bob.”

Morton, 60 Years

The “gallery boys” tended to be a particularly raucous section of the audience, young teenage boys who would gather in the gallery and shouted encouragement to the acts they like, and give short shrift to those they didn’t. I’m guessing he sang it with the first ending ..

Sources: