Modern Swell’s Diary, The; Studying Economy

AKAStudy economy
The Swell’s Diary
First PublishedWords, ca1840s (Sheet music 1868)
LyricsJA Hardwick (sometimes TA Hardwick)MusicM CorriRoudRN5377
Music Hall PerformersJW Sharp
Folk performancesSource Singers
Mabs Hall 1985 England : Sussex
Gordon Hall 1996 England : Sussex
Modern performances
The Devil’s Interval, 2006
The Modern Swells Diary
Written by Mr JA Hardwick, and sung by Mr JW Sharp

I'm a gent reduced by railway speculations,
Though not possess'd of ample means, I've splendid expectations,
My uncle he's Directer of 'The Round the Corner Junction'-
I often draw a pound of him without the least compunction.

On my word! 
By studying economy I live like a lord.

Since I've been on the town, alas, by fickle fortune undone, 
I've found out there's more ways than one to live slap-up in London,
This world is bad but I contrive, first-rate to rattle through it, 
So, if you'll only list to me, I'll tell you how I do it!

I rise at half past nine a.m. and then I make my toilet
Pipeclay my front, rub up my boots; my hair with candle oil it, 
As breakfast is a matter of pure taste, why I don't mind it,
And if I've none I go without and healthy too I find it

At ten o'clock I sally out, and go to hear the hand play-
That brings me to eleven, then I promenade the Strand way -
Until I get up to London Bridge, that rendezvous of schemers,
When half an hour glides away, admiring the steamers

This brings me round to twelve o'clock, then I invest a Joey 
In half a loaf, and pick out one slack baked and rather doughy,
Because, you see, it satisfies - I feel compelled to tell it -
A drink of water at the pump most certainly will swell it.

At one I buy a mutton pie and hide it in my pocket
Dive up a narrow court, and there I bolt it like a rocket.
I'm not obliged to let the world know what I have for dinner, 
If people think you're living queer, they'll swear you're getting thinner!

By two I reach the coffee shop, and read a book till seven
And then I take a half a pint of four ale till eleven -
By twelve get home and make no row, for fear of Mother Randall. 
And in the dark I go to bed, because it saves a candle

I like to save expenses, and as trifles don't annoy me,
With washing up my things at night an hour or two employs me—
There's nothing lost by that, you see, for while the linen dries, sir,
Why I'm engaged in concocting up a scheme to gain supplies, sir !

Sometimes to make a stunning meal I task my ingenuity,
Then I indulge in meat, but that I own's a superfluity.
As I can't a-bear block ornaments, for fear of those small maggots —
I wait till eight o'clock comes round, and patronises faggots,

I'm not particular to a shade, and when the funds are waning, 
I calculate the best way to dispose of what's remaining.
I used to have a penny scrape, but now I'm getting saving,
So when it's dark I go where a brown will do the shaving..

I used to smoke a meerschaum pipe in palmy days I bought one, 
But now the times are alter'd and I'm glad to smoke a shortone
When I've no visions of cigars, and very low in coppers, 
I walk along St. James's Park, and pick up all the toppers. 

The faculty they all declare light suppers aid digestion —
And I decidedly agree in their view of the question.
But if a friend invites me home, I do accept his offer —
If not, why then I speculate a penny in a Gouffre. 

I've told you now particulars of bow I pass the day away—
By living very close, you see, I haven't much to pay away.
Sometimes I get reduced, I own, to pease pudding on a Friday,
But still, considering all things, why I do it very tidy !



Studying Economy
Collected from Mabs Hall by Mike Yates in 1985 (from Mainly Norfolk)

Oh the times are hard but I'm prepared to try to rattle through it.
And if you come and list to me, I'll tell you how I do it.
And upon my word, studying economy I live like a lord.


At ten I sally out and go to hear the band play.
Which takes me 'til eleven when I promenade the strand way.
At two I reach a coffee shop and read a book 'til seven.
And half a pint of good four ale will last me 'til eleven.
And upon my word, studying economy I live like a lord.

I can't abide block ornaments for fear of those small maggots.
So I wait until eight o'clock comes round and patronise the faggot.
And upon my word, studying economy I live like a lord.

Now I've told you all the particulars of how I pass my day away.
Through studying economy I don't have much to pay away.
Though I've reduced it. I tell it to pease pudding on a Friday.
And all things considering why I get on pretty tidy.
And upon my word, studying economy I live like a lord.

Then I sally home and make no row, for fear of mother Randell.
And into bed all in the dark, because it saves a candle.
And upon my word, studying economy I live like a lord.

Kidson and Moffat suggest that the tune used for The Modern Swell’s Diary was originally written for a song called Bow wow wow in the 1760s, and recycled for various comic songs including one by Thomas Hudson called Guy Fawkes, suggesting:

.. the melody is an excellent one, and even so late as the sixties it was brought out as a fresh composition and adapted to a song the burden of which was “By studying economy I live like a Lord

Moffat and Kidson, 1907

The most complete version of the lyrics available currently seems to be in Labern’s Comic Minstrel (1857), a book containing the words for a huge number of Sharp’s songs and published shortly after his death. The sheet music was not published until 11 years later in 1867, and the suggestion by Kidson and Moffat that the song was a “fresh composition” in the 1860s might imply that the song experienced a revival at that time. A number of broadsides of the song survive and, where estimates are available, its suggested they were published either roughly 1846-59 or 1863- 85 – perhaps reinforcing this idea.

The song reflects the Railway Mania of the late 1840s – a period when lack of regulation, speculation and over-investment in railway companies caused share prices to soar and then collapse, in the process ruining many middle class investors.

The Modern Swells Diary was one of a huge number of comic songs in the repertoire of JW ‘Jack’ Sharp (1820-56). Sharp was one of the stars of early Music Hall, and the forms of entertainment which preceded it . He appeared both the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens and famously at Evans’s Song and Supper Rooms (London) in the early 1840s. He apparently earned £1 a night at Evans’ but made up his earnings by selling copies of his songs. Later he would earn as much as £90 a week, and he was reputed to be the greatest comic singer of his day. He is often passed over rather quickly in the standard histories of the Halls, but seems to have been a very important figure not least because of the hundreds of comic songs which were written for him by writers like John Labern and the writer of this song JA Hardwick.

According to Kilgariff, James A Hardwick (1815-86) also wrote under the pseudonym Dagonet. Surviving copies of sheet music , and the records kept by Kilgarriff, seem to show that he wrote around 20 songs between around 1840 and 1866 but at that point he stopped. At the moment that’s all I know.. M Corri is listed as composer or arranger for a number of pieces of music or theatres and halls published between 1830 and 1860, but I know little more than this.

Later broadside versions cut the original 13 verses down to 11, and by the time it was collected from a traditional singer, apparently for the first time in the 1980s, it was down to around five verses. The source singer, Mabbs Hall, seems to use the same tune that Corri and Hardwick borrowed when they first wrote it.

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